HSK 1 Verbal aspect (了 · 过 · 着 · 在)
动词 + 了
The 了 of completed action
Structure Verb + 了 (+ object)
了 (le) right after the verb marks the action as REALIZED (often past, but it is ASPECT, not "tense": it says the action was completed, not exactly when). To negate it you use 没(有) and DROP the 了: 我没吃 ("I didn’t eat"), never 没吃了. In questions: 你看了吗？
Examples
- 我吃了一个苹果。
I ate an apple.
- 他买了一本书。
He bought a book.
- 你看了吗？
Did you see it?
Levels are indicative: they follow the standard Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning) progression, not an official HSK 3.0 mapping. We never assign levels by eye.
This point and the other 370, with audio on every example, inside Wanyu.
