HSK 6 Connectors & compound sentences
则
Then / whereas (formal 则)
Structure Condition,(subject) 则 + result / A…,B 则… (contrast)
则 (zé) is a Classical Chinese connector now confined to written language, with two values. (1) CONDITION-RESULT, "then / in that case": 欲速则不达 = "if you want speed, then you won't arrive" (haste leads nowhere). (2) CONTRAST between two parallel members, "whereas / by contrast": 前者价格昂贵,后者则相对便宜 = "the former is expensive; the latter, by contrast, is relatively cheap". It is the cultured, compact version of 就 (conditional) and of 而 / 但是 (contrast); it always goes AFTER the subject of its clause, never at the very start.
Examples
- 欲速则不达。
Haste does not get you there.
- 前者价格昂贵,后者则相对便宜。
The former is expensive; the latter, by contrast, is relatively cheap.
- 虚心则进步,自满则落后。
Humility leads to progress, whereas complacency leads to falling behind.
- 理论若脱离实际,则毫无意义。
If theory is divorced from practice, then it is utterly meaningless.
Levels are indicative: they follow the standard Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning) progression, not an official HSK 3.0 mapping. We never assign levels by eye.