HSK 6 Connectors & compound sentences
固然 … 但 / 却 …
Admittedly… but… (固然)
Structure 固然 + A (the point conceded),但/却 + B (the objection)
固然 (gùrán) concedes a point in order to rebut it afterwards: "admittedly A, but B". It is a device of essay-writing and cultivated argument: one first grants something true or reasonable, then, with 但/却, immediately introduces the objection that really matters: 这个办法固然有效,但代价太大 = "this method is effective, true, but the cost is too high". It corresponds to a more formal, argumentative 虽然 (HSK 3), the difference being that 固然 stresses that the conceded point is beyond dispute, not a mere circumstance.
Examples
- 这个办法固然有效,但代价太大。
This method is admittedly effective, but the cost is too high.
- 天分固然重要,努力却更不可少。
Talent is admittedly important, but effort is even more indispensable.
- 批评固然刺耳,但往往切中要害。
Criticism is admittedly harsh to hear, but it often hits the mark.
- 成功固然可喜,失败的教训却更宝贵。
Success is admittedly cause for joy, but the lessons of failure are even more precious.
Levels are indicative: they follow the standard Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning) progression, not an official HSK 3.0 mapping. We never assign levels by eye.