Upon / through (process 经 / 经过)

Structure 经 / 经过 + process (+ 批准 / 讨论 / 努力)，+ result

经 (jīng) and 经过 (jīngguò) introduce the process or procedure after which something occurs: "upon / through". In administrative register, monosyllabic 经 heads an official procedure: 经上级批准 = "upon approval by the higher authority". 经过 is more narrative and describes a process undergone (经过反复讨论 = "after repeated discussion"). The everyday 经过 meaning "to pass by" or "after a while" already appears at HSK 3-4; what marks C1 is this terse, official-gazette 经 of formal procedure.

Examples

本běn项xiàng目mù经jīng上shàng级jí批pī准zhǔn后hòu正zhèng式shì实shí施shī。
The project will be formally implemented upon approval by the higher authority.
经jīng过guò反fǎn复fù讨tǎo论lùn，委wěi员yuán会huì终zhōng于yú达dá成chéng了le一yī致zhì。
After repeated discussion, the committee finally reached a consensus.
该gāi决jué定dìng须xū经jīng董dǒng事shì会huì全quán体tǐ表biǎo决jué通tōng过guò方fāng可kě生shēng效xiào。
The decision takes effect only after being passed by a full board vote.

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