Because of… (因…而…)

Structure （Subject +）因 + cause + 而 + effect/verb

因…而… (yīn… ér…) packs cause and effect into a single clause: 因 introduces the reason and 而 links to the result. 因努力而成功 = "to succeed through hard work"; 因小失大 = "to lose the greater for the lesser". It is the compact, formal formula of journalism and the essay, as opposed to the more explicit, colloquial 因为…所以… (HSK 2). Because 因 and 而 are classical monosyllables, the pattern binds short elements and sounds refined; here 而 is not adversative but the connector pointing to the consequence.

Examples

他tā因yīn长cháng期qī努nǔ力lì而ér获huò得dé了le成chéng功gōng。
He achieved success through sustained hard work.
切qiè不bù可kě因yīn小xiǎo失shī大dà。
One must never lose the greater for the sake of the lesser.
工gōng程chéng因yīn资zī金jīn不bù足zú而ér被bèi迫pò中zhōng止zhǐ。
The project was forced to halt because of insufficient funding.
这zhè座zuò城chéng市shì因yīn悠yōu久jiǔ的de历lì史shǐ而ér闻wén名míng于yú世shì。
This city is renowned throughout the world for its long history.

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