To cause / result in (致使 / 使得 / 导致)

致使 (zhìshǐ), 使得 (shǐde) and 导致 (dǎozhì) are three written-register causative verbs that link a cause to the consequence it brings about, without the colloquial 让. There is a nuance: 致使 and 导致 almost always introduce a NEGATIVE or unwanted result (an accident, a crisis, a delay) and are typical of news and reports; 导致 is the most common and sounds slightly less solemn than 致使. 使得 is NEUTRAL and resultative: it simply marks that something "makes" another situation arise, be it good, bad or indifferent. Unlike everyday 让 / 使, all three require an explicit cause before them and a whole clause after.