To sum up the above / in the final analysis (综上所述 / 归根结底)

Structure 综上所述 / 归根结底，+ conclusion

Two high-register essay closers that are not interchangeable. 综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù, “to sum up what has been set out above”) recaps the arguments already presented and states the conclusion that follows from them; it is highly typical of academic texts and formal opinions. 归根结底 (guī gēn jié dǐ, “in the final analysis, ultimately”) goes beyond summary: it sets aside the incidental and points to the underlying cause or factor on which everything depends. One synthesizes; the other digs for the root.

Examples

综zōng上shàng所suǒ述shù，该gāi方fāng案àn利lì大dà于yú弊bì，值zhí得de采cǎi纳nà。
To sum up the above, the proposal does more good than harm and is worth adopting.
归guī根gēn结jié底dǐ，问wèn题tí出chū在zài管guǎn理lǐ上shàng。
In the final analysis, the problem lies in management.
综zōng上shàng所suǒ述shù，我wǒ们men应yīng当dāng尽jǐn早zǎo作zuò出chū决jué定dìng。
To sum up the above, we should make a decision as soon as possible.
归guī根gēn结jié底dǐ，这zhè一yī切qiè都dōu取qǔ决jué于yú人rén才cái。
In the final analysis, all of this comes down to talent.

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