By / on the basis of / by what right (凭)

Structure 凭 + means/evidence/quality + action

凭 (píng) introduces what one RELIES on to do or achieve something: a document, an ability, a merit. 凭这张票可以进去 = "with this ticket you can get in"; 凭他的能力，一定能成功 = "with his ability, he’s bound to succeed". The expression 凭什么 ("by what right?, why should…?") is a very common reproach.

Examples

凭píng这zhè张zhāng票piào可kě以yǐ进jìn去qù。
With this ticket you can get in.
凭píng他tā的de能néng力lì，一yī定dìng能néng成chéng功gōng。
With his ability, he’s bound to succeed.
你nǐ凭píng什shén么me说shuō我wǒ错cuò了le？
What gives you the right to say I’m wrong?

Levels are indicative: they follow the standard Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning) progression, not an official HSK 3.0 mapping. We never assign levels by eye.

This point and the other 370, with audio on every example, inside Wanyu.