However (然而)

Structure Clause 1。然而 + clause 2 (contrast)

然而 (rán’ér) is a formal/written "however". It introduces a contrast or an unexpected outcome against what came before: 他很努力，然而没有成功 = "he tried hard; however, he didn’t succeed". In everyday speech 但是 or 可是 are preferred; 然而 sounds more formal, like in essays or articles.

Examples

他tā很hěn努nǔ力lì，然rán而ér没méi有yǒu成chéng功gōng。
He tried hard; however, he didn’t succeed.
计jì划huà很hěn好hǎo，然rán而ér很hěn难nán实shí现xiàn。
The plan is good; however, it’s hard to carry out.
大dà家jiā都dōu同tóng意yì了le，然rán而ér他tā反fǎn对duì。
Everyone agreed; however, he objected.

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