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HSK 6 Connectors & compound sentences

及 / 以及

And / as well as (formal 及/以及)

Structure A、B 及 C (nominal list);clause 1,以及 clause 2

及 (jí) and 以及 (yǐ jí) are the linking "and" of written prose: they join the last item of a list or connect blocks of information. They replace colloquial 和/跟 (HSK 1) in administrative, journalistic or essay-style texts. 及 links nouns or noun phrases (工人、农民及学生), while 以及 can also join whole clauses and tends to close an enumeration with a nuance of "as well as, along with". Neither is used to open a sentence or in casual speech.

Examples

  • 工gōng人rén、农nóng民mín及jí学xué生shēng都dōu参cān加jiā了le这zhè次cì活huó动dòng。

    Workers, farmers and students all took part in this event.

  • 本běn报bào告gào分fēn析xī了le市shì场chǎng现xiàn状zhuàng以yǐ及jí未wèi来lái的de发fā展zhǎn趋qū势shì。

    This report analyzes the current state of the market as well as future development trends.

  • 请qǐng提tí交jiāo身shēn份fèn证zhèng、户hù口kǒu本běn及jí相xiāng关guān证zhèng明míng材cái料liào。

    Please submit your ID card, household register and the relevant supporting documents.

  • 会huì议yì讨tǎo论lùn了le预yù算suàn问wèn题tí,以yǐ及jí如rú何hé分fēn配pèi资zī源yuán。

    The meeting discussed the budget issue, as well as how to allocate resources.

Levels are indicative: they follow the standard Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning) progression, not an official HSK 3.0 mapping. We never assign levels by eye.

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