And / as well as (formal 及/以及)

Structure A、B 及 C （nominal list）；clause 1，以及 clause 2

及 (jí) and 以及 (yǐ jí) are the linking "and" of written prose: they join the last item of a list or connect blocks of information. They replace colloquial 和/跟 (HSK 1) in administrative, journalistic or essay-style texts. 及 links nouns or noun phrases (工人、农民及学生), while 以及 can also join whole clauses and tends to close an enumeration with a nuance of "as well as, along with". Neither is used to open a sentence or in casual speech.

Examples

工gōng人rén、农nóng民mín及jí学xué生shēng都dōu参cān加jiā了le这zhè次cì活huó动dòng。
Workers, farmers and students all took part in this event.
本běn报bào告gào分fēn析xī了le市shì场chǎng现xiàn状zhuàng以yǐ及jí未wèi来lái的de发fā展zhǎn趋qū势shì。
This report analyzes the current state of the market as well as future development trends.
请qǐng提tí交jiāo身shēn份fèn证zhèng、户hù口kǒu本běn及jí相xiāng关guān证zhèng明míng材cái料liào。
Please submit your ID card, household register and the relevant supporting documents.
会huì议yì讨tǎo论lùn了le预yù算suàn问wèn题tí，以yǐ及jí如rú何hé分fēn配pèi资zī源yuán。
The meeting discussed the budget issue, as well as how to allocate resources.

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