HSK 6 Connectors & compound sentences
及 / 以及
And / as well as (formal 及/以及)
Structure A、B 及 C (nominal list);clause 1,以及 clause 2
及 (jí) and 以及 (yǐ jí) are the linking "and" of written prose: they join the last item of a list or connect blocks of information. They replace colloquial 和/跟 (HSK 1) in administrative, journalistic or essay-style texts. 及 links nouns or noun phrases (工人、农民及学生), while 以及 can also join whole clauses and tends to close an enumeration with a nuance of "as well as, along with". Neither is used to open a sentence or in casual speech.
Examples
- 工人、农民及学生都参加了这次活动。
Workers, farmers and students all took part in this event.
- 本报告分析了市场现状以及未来的发展趋势。
This report analyzes the current state of the market as well as future development trends.
- 请提交身份证、户口本及相关证明材料。
Please submit your ID card, household register and the relevant supporting documents.
- 会议讨论了预算问题,以及如何分配资源。
The meeting discussed the budget issue, as well as how to allocate resources.
Levels are indicative: they follow the standard Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning) progression, not an official HSK 3.0 mapping. We never assign levels by eye.