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HSK 6 Connectors & compound sentences

如下 / 如上

As follows / as above (如下/如上)

Structure … + 如下:+ list/如上 + noun(所述)

如下 (rúxià, "as follows") and 如上 (rúshàng, "as above") are deictic document connectors: they point the reader downward, to a list or detail about to come, or upward, to what has already been laid out. 如下 closes an opening sentence and is usually followed by a colon: 具体安排如下:… 如上 closes or sums up: 如上所述 = "as stated above". They mark written, formal register (reports, contracts, instructions); in speech one would just say 像下面这样 or 上面说的.

Examples

  • huìdeānpáixià

    The detailed arrangements for the meeting are as follows.

  • běndiàochádezhǔyàojiélùnxià

    The main conclusions of this survey are as follows.

  • shàngsuǒshùgāifāngàncúnzàimíngxiǎnquēxiàn

    As stated above, the plan has obvious flaws.

  • yóushàngshùchóng

    The reasons are as above; I won't repeat them.

Levels are indicative: they follow the standard Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning) progression, not an official HSK 3.0 mapping. We never assign levels by eye.

This point and the other 370, with audio on every example, inside Wanyu.

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